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This type of deep foundation is currently by far the most widely used in the world.
SEFI-INTRAFOR produces several types of piles.
None of them provides a universal solution, but each type is designed to meet specific requirements.
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Keller's Augercast Continuous Flight Auger (CFA) piling system provides a quiet low vibration form of piling that is ideal for providing foundation support in built-up or environmentally sensitive areas.
Keller's CFA rigs can construct piles in most soils including sands, gravels, silts, clays, chalk and weak bedrock, in high water tables without the need for temporary support systems.
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Covered in the New Spanish Technical Code for Building (CTE-2006) as rotation displacement piles, the Omega pile driving system is based on rotation and pushing the head of the displacement auger when driving it and rotating and pulling the tool when extracting it. Piles are installed in a total absence of vibration and produce sideways displacement of the soil, thereby compacting it and avoiding the need to remove debris.
Above the maximum diameter of the head, horizontal propellers and suitable tilt of the upper angle produce a second displacement of the soil during the extraction process and concreting. In this stage, the controlled pressure of the concrete injected through the centre pipe induces a third displacement and ensures perfect adherence of the pile with the ground.
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Some very heavy structures (high rise towers, industrial buildings) need foundation piles which can each bear a load of several thousand tonnes. The solution lies in increasing the cross sectional area of the foundation, using multiform piles or circular piles up to 3 metres in diameter. If the ground does not display sufficient strength, the piles may be belled out (under-reamed) at the bottom.
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Rotation with recoverable steel casing
In all types of ground (exept large boulder or blocks)
Minimum concrete consumption,most usual diameters :650-2200mm
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Typical reinforcement is 8 pre-tensioned steel strands of 0.5” section as longitudinal reinforcement and transverse reinforcement made up of rings of 6 to 10 cm. diameter at the ends of the pile.
Pre-tensioned, pre-fabricated piles are especially suitable for installation in very soft soils where significant tensile stress may be exerted during pile driving.
Applications:
Structures (bridges and viaducts)
Multi-storey buildings or edifices in seismic areas where foundations are subjected to significant buckling stress.
Structures and buildings where the lowest elevation is below the water table, so that the piles are subjected to tensile stress due to under-pressure.
Retention of earthwork embankments, basements, etc., (pile wall).
Industrial buildings with significant horizontal or buckling stress.
As for Prefabricated Reinforced Piles, the quality of these Pre-tensioned Pre-fabricated piles is monitored both at the factory and on the building site (PDA, static and dynamic load testing, vibration control).
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TERRA pre-fabricated piles are capable of handling vertical compression stresses of around 12.5 N/mm2 (NTE, CPP-78) or 0.3 * fck (Technical Building Code, Basic Document SE-C, 2006), as they are Category 1 piles that are prefabricated under strict control in permanent installations.
In all cases they are made of concrete with minimum resistance properties of 45 N/mm2.
Likewise, I 52,5 N/SR (RC-03) cement is always used, which makes the piles resistant to sulphates and seawater.
Both the manufacture and on-site driving of our piles are separately guaranteed by AENOR Quality Assurance certification (UNE-EN ISO standards 9001:2000 and UNE-EN ISO standard 9002:1994).
TERRA prefabricated piles are systematically monitored during their manufacture (raw material reception, resistance and geometry, manufacture, concrete resistance and consistency) both at the factory and on the building site (static and dynamic load testing, integrity trials...l).
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Bored Piles are circular piles made of concrete and steel being installed in the soil by various drilling methods. They divert high structural loads into deeper, stronger soils, form stringed together a retaining wall for excavation pits or terraces remove obstacles in the soil or block ground water below the surface. Depending on the application length, diameter, material, formation, and placing of the individual piles can be adapted.
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Drilled piles are often used in 'critical ground' where there is a risk of subsidence. A drilled pile is also used when noise pollution has to be avoided. In addition a drilled pile is used to 'drill out' another pile. Advantage: vibration free and fully ground penetrating. Disadvantage: the costs of drilled piles are higher than those of prefab piles.
Drilled piles were used in the construction of the Goes council offices. The ground turned out to be rock hard because of the fine soil layers containing shells, silt and very fine sand. Because of the central location in the town of Goes drilled piles had to be used for the foundations in order to keep the nuisance to a minimum.
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TRELICON technology joins the advantages of fixed piles with the versatility of application of drilled piles. A perfect method for projects in urban centres, as it eliminates vibration and disturbance to adjacent structures and reduces noise emissions. TRELICON piles make it possible to avoid decompressing the soil and using bentonite mud for drilling. This greatly simplifies the disposal of debris. Thanks to its constant technical improvement, this technology has significantly broadened its fields of application, allowing for a much wider range of diameters and lengths.
Operating specifications
The operating phases entail digging the pile by driving a continuous blade assembled on a central hollow pipe. At the end of the digging phases, extraction of the blade occurs at the same time concrete is poured by pumping from inside the same blade. When required, piles may be reinforced for their entire length with reinforcement cages inserted in the still wet concrete.
Technical data
Pile diameter: 400 to 1400 mm
Depth: 25 ÷ 36 meters (with blade loader) depending on soil diameter and consistency.
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The Continuous Flight Auger (CFA) system is well known as a rapid and cost effective open site method of constructing load bearing and retaining structure piles where the appropriate ground conditions exist. This makes it suited to many construction projects and particularly for sensitive sites, where it provides a quiet and vibration free piling technique.
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A vibro combi-pile is a ground penetrating concrete pile with a grout casing. The basis of this principal is the same as that of vibro-piles. However, no reinforcement is hung inside or concrete cast.
With a vibro comb-pile a prefab core is set in the steel tube and the open space is filled with grout. This creates a pile that can resist large tensile forces and is primarily used to anchor underwater concrete floors. Vibro combi-piles were constructed on the HSL Roelofarendsveen track.
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Prefabricated Concrete Piles are reinforced concrete pipes for special foundations of Bridges. The friction between pile and surrounding land is assured by the lateral high pressure injections of cement (without packer). Structural resistence is assured by a tickness of 10-15 cm of high quality reinforced concrete.
The installation is like Drilled Piles. Then in few minutes a simple crane can put the pile in the hole, and a workman completing all the injections.
The most important advantages are :
- veolcity of the work
- reduced cost
- high load capacity
- best protections about pitting
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They are driven piles in which the pile is formed by prefab elements, with a square or round section. They can be jointed or made of a single element. Piles with a square section ranging from 400 to 600 mm work at 150 and 200 tons, respectively. A good sections' alignment is required in order to avoid cutting stresses during re-driving operations.
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Concrete piles can bear greater loads than wooden piles. The prefab concrete pile is a traditional type of pile: ground penetrating and suitable for both small and large structures. Price-wise prefab concrete piles are an attractive option and because of the pre-tensioned reinforcement they can be supplied in various diameters.
The length of a prefab concrete pile runs to a maximum of 38 metres (longer is not practicable due to transport considerations and their susceptibility to breakage). A short note: the pile is smooth therefore it cannot 'bite into' the ground. More and more often prefab concrete piles are installed using hydraulic pile drivers.
Ballast Nedam Funderingstechnieken installed prefab concrete piles, amongst others, at the Kortsluitroute on the south side of Rotterdam. And prefab concrete piles were also used in the construction of the track for the HSL at Zwijndrecht.
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The BAUER Ductile Pile is a fast, simple and highly effective foundation system. For the purpose of load transfer ductile cast iron tubes are driven into the ground with high frequency hydraulic hammers. This system can support loads from all kinds of superstructures.
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An MV-pile is a steel profile that is driven into the ground with a grout injection. The grout ensures that the pile 'cements itself tight' into the ground after which, for example, they can be attached to a combi-wall so that the full wall can absorb the tensile force. During driving a hollow space is created above the foot of the MV-pile which is injected from below with cement mortar, fine concrete or other self-hardening materials (during driving) using a high pressure lance.
MV-piles serve as anchors in both the horizontal and vertical directions. For horizontal anchoring the piles are driven into the ground at an angle and this way function as compression or traction elements. They are often used for quay walls. As vertical anchoring they are used as an alternative to vibro combi-piles.
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Definition:
Pile screwed without vibration with double side repression and was in the shape of propeller on all the height, without vertical transport of ground
Properties:
installation of the reinforcement on all the height before concreting
tilted piles possible (up to 1/5)
the section of the pile is determined by the diameter of the propeller and the diameter of the barrel. The diameter of the propeller determines the geological capacity of bearing pressure, the diameter of the barrel determines the organic capacity of bearing pressure. The diameter of the current barrel of 310mm with 610mm is spaced 50mm. The diameter of the propeller of 460mm with 810mm.
without vertical transport of ground, even with the point (side repression).
begun again horizontal efforts by an additional reinforcing cage at the head
it can be necessary of préforer the hard layers (>20MPa).
capacity of bearing pressure until 2000kN
Scope of application:
in the environment sensitive to the sound: <85dBA with 7m of the machine
in the environment sensitive to the vibrations. The pile is installed under the combined effort of screwing and push.
without important drainage of ground
almost all profile them ground Belgians
especially in tertiary clays
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Piles moulded in place, mini-piles
These piles are set up by repression of the ground and thus almost do not produce materials to be evacuated. This technique, simple and rapid to be put in %u0153uvre, are particularly adapted to grounds ready to be driven back laterally clays type, marnes, sands. These piles are provided metal d%u2019armatures in order to ensure a greater rigidity to them and to allow their the superstructure liaisonnement.
So d%u2019assurer the follow-up quality of the building site, each pile moulded in place has a card d%u2019enregistrement individual of the parameters of sinking and concreting. In the same way, a control of the bearing capacity of this type of pile can be carried out by the realization d%u2019un test of loading jusqu%u2019à 1,5 times the load with l%u2019ELS (Absolute limit of Service). In addition, of the concrete samples are taken according to a definite pre frequency.
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Definition:
pile made by beating of a recoverable tube closed in bottom by a lost bed plate.
When the tube is with depth, the tube is filled with fluid concrete is withdrawn from the ground while vibrating if necessary.
Caractériqtiques:
diameters of the piles of 355 until 609mm
length of the piles until 36m and more with adaptations (determined by the length of the mast)
repression of ground (without drainage of grounds)
tilted piles possible (angles determined by type of machine from +1/3 to 1/4)
Scope of application:
foundation of industrial premises
foundation of constructions of civil engineering (bridges)
Environment:
vibrations
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Definition:
Driven foundation pile moulded in the ground at base (on) widened out of no-slump concrete. Was can be made out of concrete no-slump or run fluid concrete.
Characteristics:
repression of ground
diameter of was of 355mm with 609mm
diameter of the foot until 2x diameter of was
tilted piles (+1/3 to -1/4)
charge with bearing until 2750kN
possible not-concreted length
Scope of application:
economy thanks to a length of piles reduced by widened base
bearing load raised by widening of the base
begun again great tractive efforts per widened base
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