Hopper windows became popular during the 19th century. At the time, this window served several purposes. Automobiles and paved roads were only a novelty, and horses on dirt roads were the means of transportation for the country. The unpaved roads created large amounts of dust. When home owners opened their windows, a furry of dust overtook the home.
The invention of the hopper window allowed for minimal amounts of dust to permeate the home. Hopper windows were first used on transoms, where the window was hinged at the bottom and tilted into the room. The dust from the horses was minimized at transom height, typically 70 above finished floor, than at regular height.
The hopper window was also used to cool food. Homes built during this time period had deep window sills where pies and hot items were set to cool. The window was opened to allow cool air into the room, cooling the food. Today, hopper windows are still used for transoms and, even more so, basement windows.