Precast concrete bends are manufactured by cutting pipes into two or three segments and joining them together at the required angle using an epoxy resin.
Where specific angles, centre line lengths or radii are required, these must be specified at the time of order (specials made to order). Bends may not necessarily have the same load-bearing capacity as the pipes with which they are to be laid. It is therefore recommended that they should be surrounded by suitably designed in-situ concrete where significant load conditions have to be met, or where anchorage of the pipeline is required. Bends have the same manufactured internal diameter and wall thickness as the pipes with which they are to be laid.